COVID-19 Vaccines in Pharmaceutical What are the types of Covid Vaccines?
The world is in the middle of a COVID-19 pandemic. As WHO and partners work together on the response tracking the pandemic, distributing vital medical supplies to those in need, they are racing to develop and deploy safe and effective vaccines. Vaccines are a critical tool to fight against COVID-19. It is hugely encouraging to see so many vaccines proving successful Working as quickly as they can, scientists from across the world are collaborating and innovating to bring us tests, treatments and vaccines that will collectively save lives and end this pandemic.
Currently, three vaccines are authorised and recommended in the United States to prevent the COVID-19 Virus.
- Moderna
- Pfizer-BioNTech
- Johnson & Johnson’s Janssen
1. Moderna
People older than 18 years Can Get this Vaccine. You will need two shots given four weeks apart (4 weeks). You are fully vaccinated two weeks (2 weeks) after your second shot.
Possible Side Effects
- Tiredness
- Headache
- Muscle pain
- Chills
- Fever
- Nausea
Clinical Trial Demographic Information
Most people who participated in the trials (82%) were considered to have an occupational risk of exposure, with 25.4% being healthcare workers.
Among people who participated in the clinical trials, 22.3% had at least one high-risk condition, including lung disease, heart disease, obesity, diabetes, liver disease, or HIV infection. Four per cent (4%) of participants had two or more high-risk conditions.
2. Pfizer-BioNTech
People older than 16 years Can Get this Vaccine. You will need two shots given three weeks apart (3 weeks). You are fully vaccinated two weeks (2 weeks) after your second shot.
Possible Side Effects
- Tiredness
- Headache
- Muscle pain
- Chills
- Fever
- Nausea
Clinical Trial Demographic Information
The most frequent underlying medical conditions were obesity (35.1%), diabetes (8.4%), and pulmonary disease (7.8%).
3. Johnson & Johnson’s Janssen
People older than 16 years Can Get this Vaccine. You will need one shot. You are fully vaccinated two weeks (2 weeks) after your second shot.
Possible Side Effects
- Tiredness
- Headache
- Muscle pain
- Chills
- Fever
- Nausea
Clinical Trial Demographic Information
In clinical trials, side effects were common within seven days of getting vaccinated but were mainly mild to moderate.
Types of COVID-19 vaccines
There are four main types of vaccines currently approved, in approval or considered in the MENA region in its fight against COVID-19.
- RNA or mRNA Vaccine
- Protein Subunit
- Whole Virus Vaccine
- Non-Replicating Viral Vector
1. RNA or mRNA Vaccine
Since no other existing licensed or approved vaccine uses this type of technology, the Messenger RNA (mRNA) variety could be mistaken for something entirely new for healthcare. Some mRNA vaccines have been studied in the past for illnesses and diseases, including cytomegalovirus (CMV), influenza, rabies, and the Zika virus.
Covid Vaccines include Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna.
2. Protein Subunit
The protein subunit vaccine contains purified “pieces” of a pathogen rather than the whole pathogen to trigger an immune response. It thought that by restricting the immune system to the entire pathogen, side effects are minimised.
Covid Vaccines include: Novavax
3. Whole Virus Vaccine
The whole virus vaccine uses a weakened or deactivated form of the pathogen that causes COVID-19 to trigger protective immunity to it. The two vaccines mentioned below, Sinopharm and Sinovac, both use inactivated pathogens. Therefore they cannot infect cells and replicate but can trigger an immune response.
Covid Vaccines include Sinopharm, Sinovac.
4. Non-Replicating Viral Vector
This type of vaccine introduces a safe, modified version of the virus known as “the vector” to deliver genetic code for the antigen. In a COVID-19 vaccine, the “vector” is the spike proteins found on the surface of the coronavirus. Once the body’s cells are “infected”, the cells are instructed to produce many antigens, which in turn trigger an immune response. Ebola is a licensed vaccine that uses this type of technology.
Covid Vaccines include: Oxford-AstraZeneca , Sputnik V
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